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Recent Publications (Publications prior to 1998 can be found in the "Annotated Bibliography for Parasitic Birds of the Genus Molothrus") Grzybowski, J.A. and C.M. Pease. 1999. A model of the dynamics of cowbirds and their host communities. Auk 116(1):209-222. Johnsgard, P.A. 1997. The avian brood parasites: deception at the nest. Oxford University Press. Morrison, M.L., L.S. Hall, S.I. Rothstein, S.K. Robinson, D.C. Hahn, and T.D. Rich (editors). 1999. Research and management of the brown-headed cowbird in western landscapes. Studies in Avian Biology (18). Ortega, C.P. 1998. Cowbirds and other brood parasites. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. Rothstein, S.I. and S.K. Robinson. 1998. Parasitic birds and their hosts: studies in coevolution. Oxford University Press. Forthcoming: Smith, J.N.M., T.L. Cook, S.I. Rothstein, S.K. Robinson, and S.G. Sealy (editors). Ecology and management of cowbirds and their hosts. University of Texas Press. (Anticipated publication in 2000). Web Sites The following is an annotated list of web sites with information about Brown-headed Cowbirds and several endangered species for which parasitism is a known problem. Kirtland's Warbler Sites Michigan Department of Natural Resources http://www.dnr.state.mi.us/wildlife/Species/indices/kwarbler.htm Life history information and a brief mention of the reduction in the rate of parasitism as a result of years of cowbird control. US Fish & Wildlife Service (Region 3) http://www.fws.gov/r3pao/eco_serv/endangrd/index.html From this site, scroll down and click on Kirtland's Warbler. Discussion of the USFWS long term efforts to aid the recovery of the Kirtland's Warbler. This page discusses the range of problems affecting the Kirtland Warbler's population stability, including loss of habitat on both wintering and breeding grounds. The page includes information on the FWS' long-term monitoring of the warbler population, the rate of cowbird parasitism, efforts to protect the warbler by habitat management, protecting nests, and trapping and killing cowbirds. Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Sites Forest Guardians http://www.fguardians.org/news/n970513.htm Brief mention of "the most frequent culprit in the flycatcher's demise". Southwestern Willow Flycatcher Site http://www.usgs.nau.edu/swwf/wiflneed.html A compendium of research needs for this species, including cowbird movement patterns, population size and characteristics. For managers, researchers. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species http://refuges.fws.gov/NWRSFiles/WildlifeMgmt/SpeciesAccounts/Birds/SWWillo wFlycatcher/SWFlycatcherOtherFactors.html#Cowbird Under "Summary of Factors Affecting the Species", an overview of cowbird history, impacts, behavior, etc. No mention of trapping or management alternatives. Black-capped Vireo Sites U.S. Army Corps of Engineers http://www.cecer.army.mil/techreports/hay_vire.lln/hay_vire.LLN.htm Good review of Fort Hood nesting and population data for Black-capped Vireos. Somewhat limited discussion of cowbirds--in Chapter 3 (Vireo Biology and Risk Factors) and Chapter 6 (Discussion), including the benefits of trapping, cowbird mitigation efforts, impacts on vireos. For conservation managers. Least Bell's Vireo Sites California Partners in Flight http://www.prbo.org/CPIF/Riparian/PIFrplan.html The riparian habitat conservation plan for this and three other riparian species. Chapter 7, Conservation Action Recommendations, Recommendations 6-3, 6-4, and 6-5 are pertinent to cowbirds (avoiding aggregations of livestock; the effects and consequences of trapping; landscape level management). Appropriate for conservation managers. Recommended USGS Western Ecological Research Center, San Diego Field Station http://www.werc.usgs.gov/sandiego/ Summarizes current research on least Bell's vireos, including evaluation of the impacts of cowbird parasitism. For managers and researchers. Brown-headed Cowbird Sites Chipper Woods Bird Observatory, Indiana http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/cowbird.htm Very brief background; good photos of adult male, parasitized nests; children's educational site. Cornell Lab of Ornithology--Birds in Forested Landscapes http://www.ornith.cornell.edu/bfl/BHCOWBIRD.htm Overview of life history, distribution, behavior. For the general reader. George Miksch Sutton Avian Research Center http://www.suttoncenter.org/bhco.html Photos and brief background, a balanced accoun that mentions two recent symposia devoted to cowbirds, one in Austin, TX in 1993 (Proceedings volume will be published in May, 2000, The Ecology and Management of Cowbirds, edited by J.N.M. Smith, T. Cook, S. Robinson, S. Rothstein, and S. Sealy) and the other in Sacramento, CA. (proceedings volume: Research and Management of the Brown-headed Cowbird in Western and Eastern Landscapes, edited by M.L.Morrison., L.S. Hall, S.K. Robinson, S.I. Rothstein, D.C. Hahn, and T.D. Rich, 1999. Studies in Avian Biology 18, Cooper Ornithological Society, Camarillo, CA.) National Audubon Society http://www.audubon.org/bird/research/cowbird-info.html Synopsis of life history, distribution, habitat, BBS trends. The Nature Conservancy http://www.tnc.org/wings/wingresource/bhco.html A Species Management Abstract. Thorough (life history, habitat associations, BBS maps, trends; impacts on hosts; brief review of management options, bibliography, photo). Recommended Peterson Online Birds General interest. From Birdwatcher's Digest. For the layperson, but generally anti-cowbird, including the details of a cowbird ejecting an Indigo Bunting nestling from the nest (Condor 1996). Point Reyes Bird Observatory http://www.prbo.org/Cowbirdlinks.html An extensive list of links (habitat associations, research, news stories and opinion, impacted species) to other cowbird sites on the Web (over 35 links), useful to researchers and resource managers, some of the best being:
Science News Online http://www.sciencenews.org/sn_arc98/5_30_98/bob1.htm Mating habits, sex ratios, cowbird behavior (rejectors, acceptors, the evolutionary arms race, nest disruption, etc.); additional readings, sources; photos. Recommended Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center http://web2.si.edu/smbc/fxshts/fxsht3.htm An overview; background biology; negative impacts of parasitism; emphasizes habitat planning as the best conservation alternative; suggested readings attached; Recommended. University of Michigan http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/molothrus/m._ater.html Brief synopsis of range, conservation, natural history; reference to the Birds of North America species account. USGS Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center--Breeding Birds of the Platte River Valley http://www.npsc.nbs.gov /resource/distr/birds/platte/SPECIES/MOLOATER.HTM Breeding status along the Platte River, Nebraska. USGS--Brood Parasitism on Neotropical Migrants http://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/resshow/hahn1rs/hahn1rs.htm Summary of several studies on cowbirds, including relative impacts among hosts, measuring parasitism rates, identifying host and habitat preferences, predicting cowbird distribution, and parental care in female cowbirds. Excerpts from a professional ornithologist's studies.. USGS Breeding Bird Survey http://www.mbr.nbs.gov/bbs/bbs.html Links to obtain population trend estimates, trend maps, and distribution maps for cowbirds and other bird species. |
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